11 Hybridization Networks
نویسنده
چکیده
Reticulate evolution is a fundamental process in the evolution of certain groups of taxa. Consequently, conflicting signals in a data set may not be the result of sampling or modelling errors, but due to the fact that reticulation has played a role in the evolutionary history of the species under consideration. Assuming that our initial data set is correct, a fundamental problem is to compute the minimum number of reticulation events that explains this set. This smallest number sets a lower bound on the number of such events and provides an indication of the extent that reticulation has had on the evolutionary history of a collection of present-day species. In this chapter, we focus our attention on this problem for when the initial set consists of two rooted binary phylogenetic trees. This may seem rather special, but there are several reasons for this. Firstly, the problem is NP-hard even when the initial set consists of two such trees. Secondly, we are interested in finding a general solution rather than one that is restricted in some way. Lastly, the problem for when the initial data set consists of binary sequences can be interpreted as a sequence of two-tree problems. Referring to the problem of when the initial set consists of two trees, this chapter includes the problem’s relationship with the rooted subtree prune and regraft distance, mathematical characterizations of the problem based on agreement forests, reduction-based algorithms for solving the problem exactly, and the problem’s connection with a variant of it in which the initial data set consists of binary sequences.
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